The concept of space travel has long been an exciting and fascinating prospect. However, a significant hurdle to overcome is the potential health hazards faced by astronauts due to exposure to galactic cosmic radiation. Some researchers, such as M. Kerry O’Banion, M.D., Ph.D., suggest that the radiation in deep space could lead to cognitive problems and even speed up the development of Alzheimer’s disease.
On Earth, our magnetic field protects us from the particles that constitute space radiation, but once astronauts leave low Earth orbit, they are exposed to constant showers of these particles. While certain types of radiation, such as that produced by solar flares, can be shielded with appropriate measures, other cosmic radiation types are more difficult to block.
Several studies have already demonstrated the potential impact of galactic cosmic radiation on cancer, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health. However, recent research has focused on its effect on neurodegeneration, which contributes to the development of Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. O’Banion and his team have been working in collaboration with NASA for over eight years, studying the harmful consequences of radiation on the central nervous system.
The researchers specifically looked at the influence of high-mass, high-charged (HZE) particles, which are propelled through space at very high speeds due to the force of exploding stars. Different particles have been studied, but for this particular investigation, the team focused on iron particles. Unlike hydrogen protons created by solar flares, the mass and speed of iron particles allow them to penetrate solid objects, including spacecraft walls and protective shielding.
Dr. O’Banion explains that the high energy of iron particles makes it extremely challenging to create effective shields against them, stating that one would require wrapping a spacecraft in a several-feet-thick block of lead or concrete. As a result, astronauts venturing deep into space face a considerable risk of exposure to HZE particles, which could contribute to the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and other cognitive problems.
So, what’s the solution?
Given the apparent inevitability of exposure to HZE particles in deep space, it is vital to find ways to mitigate their impact on the human brain and cognitive function. One approach is to develop medications or supplements that can help protect neurons from the damaging effects of radiation.
Researchers are already working on potential solutions, such as antioxidants and other compounds, that can help reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. Some studies have also found that certain substances, including melatonin and polyphenols, can help protect the brain against radiation-induced damage.
Additionally, there is ongoing research into the field of radioprotective agents – substances that can protect the body from the damaging effects of radiation. Some of these agents are already being tested and have shown promising results in animal studies, but more work is needed to confirm their safety and efficacy in humans.
The importance of further research
As the prospect of deep space travel becomes more realistic, understanding the long-term health effects of galactic cosmic radiation is crucial. Not only will this knowledge help protect astronauts during their missions, but it could also inform measures that may benefit those who remain on Earth.
For example, advancements in radioprotective agents and antioxidants may contribute to treatments for cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. Additionally, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind radiation-induced cognitive decline could lead to new therapeutic strategies for age-related cognitive impairments and neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
In conclusion, while the challenges of space travel are undoubtedly complex, continued research and collaboration between scientists and engineers will undoubtedly lead to innovative solutions to protect our astronauts from the harmful effects of cosmic radiation and to advance overall human health.
