Measles, a highly contagious virus, poses a growing threat globally, affecting millions and causing 120,000 annual deaths. In the U.S. alone, reports of measles outbreaks have surged. A study at the Mayo Clinic has uncovered the reason behind the virus’s contagious nature and the necessary precautions you need to take.
The Science Behind Measles
Research unveils that the measles virus infects the trachea deep within the throat. This infection leads to coughing, which disperses measles particles into the air and spreads the virus with alarming speed.
According to molecular biologist and researcher, Roberto Cattaneo, the measles virus demonstrates a “strategy of diabolic elegance.” First, the virus takes over immune cells that patrol the lungs before spreading throughout the body via other immune cells. Measles then infects immune cells that carry it specifically to cells expressing the protein nectin-4 – a new discovered receptor. These cells are located conveniently in the trachea, allowing the virus to multiply efficiently and facilitate contagion.
The Rising Threat
This year in the U.S., measles cases are proliferating at an alarming rate. California has reported more than 10 times the number of measles cases compared to last year, while areas like New York are also experiencing significant increases. About 33 percent of individuals infected by measles endure complications, including brain inflammation or pneumonia.
The Importance of Vaccination
Vaccines remain the most effective way to prevent measles infection and its devastating consequences. Multiple vaccines provide protection, including the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and the measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (MMRV) vaccine. Both of these vaccines are highly effective; two doses of MMR have a 97 percent success rate in preventing measles.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that children receive their first MMR vaccine dose between 12 and 15 months of age. The second dose will usually occur between the ages of four and six. Adults who are unsure if they’ve been vaccinated or are considering international travel should consult their healthcare provider about the MMR vaccine.
Experts emphasize the importance of vaccination; while some perceive measles as a harmless childhood disease, the 40 percent increase in global measles cases since 2016 debunks that myth. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 95 percent of the global population must be vaccinated to achieve optimal “herd immunity” and prevent transmission to those who cannot receive the vaccine due to medical reasons.
Identifying Measles
Understanding the symptoms and signs of measles is vital in identifying and addressing the virus. Symptoms usually manifest 10-12 days after exposure and can last a week or longer. These symptoms include high fever, cough, runny nose, and watery eyes. Small white dots may appear inside the mouth after a few days, and a red, blotchy skin rash soon follows. The rash typically begins near the ears and spreads down the body, covering the face, arms, legs, and feet.
If you suspect you or your loved ones have contracted measles, contact your healthcare provider immediately to minimize the risk of dangerous complications.
Measles Complications
While measles itself can be severe, its medical complications pose additional dangers. Common complications include diarrhea and ear infections, which can result in permanent hearing loss. More severe issues, such as pneumonia and encephalitis (brain swelling), can prove fatal for children or those with weakened immune systems.
Due to the measles virus’s ability to suppress the immune system, those who recover often experience a higher vulnerability to other infections for weeks or months following their illness.
Protecting Yourself and Others
Measles is an aggressive, easily transmissible virus. Its potent impact on the trachea enables it to spread like wildfire. Protect yourself and your family with the effective MMR vaccine, and ensure early detection by becoming familiar with measles symptoms.
Taking appropriate precautions and understanding the serious threat posed by measles can help curb the rising infection rate and save lives. Taking steps to achieve effective herd immunity through vaccination is key, not only for your health but also for the well-being of others.
